Rama (rama in LAST,in Devanagari) or Ramachandra was a king of Ayodhya in ancient India. In Hinduism,[1] he is considered to be the seventh Avatar of Vishnu[2] and a lila-avatara described in Bhagavata Purana.[3]
Rama is one of the most popular figures and deities in Vaisnavism and its religious scriptures in South and Southeast Asia.[4] The majority of details concerning Rama come from the Ramayana, one of the two great epics of India.[5] Born as the eldest son of Kaushalya and Dasharatha, king of Ayodhya, Rama is referred to within Hinduism as Maryada Purushottama,[6] literally the Perfect Man or Lord of Restrictions.[7] Rama is the husband of Sita, who Hindus consider to be an Avatar of Lakshmi and the embodiment of perfect womanhood.[6][8]
Rama's life and journey is one of perfect adherence to dharma despite harsh tests of life and time. For the sake of his father's honour, Rama abandons his claim to Kosala's throne to serve an exile of fourteen years in the forest.[9] His wife, Sita and brother, Lakshmanabeing unable to live without Rama decide to join him, and all three spend the fourteen years in exile together. This leads to the kidnapping of Sita by Ravana, the Rakshasa monarch of Lanka. After a long and arduous search that tests his personal strength and virtue, Rama fights a colossal war against Ravana's armies. In a war of powerful and magicalbeings, greatly destructive weaponry and battles, Rama slays Ravana in battle and liberateshis wife. Having completed his exile, Rama returns to be crowned King in Ayodhya (the capital of his Kingdom) and eventually becomes Emperor of the World,[9] after which he reigns for eleven thousand years - an era of perfect happiness, peace, prosperity and justice known as Rama Rajya.
Rama's courage in searching for Sita and fighting a terrible war to rescue his wife and their honour is complemented by Sita's absolute devotion to her husband's love, and perfectchastity despite being Ravana's captive. Rama's younger brothers, namely Lakshmana, Shatrughna and Bharata strongly complement his piety, virtue and strength,[9] and they are believed by many to belong to the Mariyada Purshottama and the Seventh Avatara, mainly embodied by Rama. Rama's piety and virtue attract powerful and devoted allies such as Hanuman and the Vanaras of Kishkindha, with whose help he rescues Sita.[9] The legend of Rama is deeply influential and popular in the societies of the Indian subcontinent and across South East Asia. Rama is revered for his unending compassion,[10] courage and devotion to religious values and duty.
Ramá in the Rigveda and the Atharvaveda is an adjective meaning "dark, black", or a noun meaning "darkness", e.g. RV 10.3.3 (trans. Griffith):
10.3.3cd Agni, far-spreading with conspicuous lustre, hath compassed Night [Rama] with whitely shining garments. As a personal name it appears in RV 10.93.14:
10.93.14ab This to Duhsima Prthavana have I sung, to Vena, Rama, to the nobles [Asuras], and the King. The feminine form of the adjective, rami´ is an epitheton of the night (Ratri), as is k???i´, the feminine of k???a, viz. "the dark one; the black one". Mayrhofer (1996) suggests a derivation from PIE (H)reh1-mo-, cognate to OHG ramac "dirty".
Two Ramas are mentioned in the Vedas, with the patronymics Margaveya and Aupatasvini; another Rama with the patronymic Jamadagnya is the supposed author of a Rigvedic hymn. According to Monier-Williams, three Ramas were celebrated in post-Vedic times,
Rama-chandra ("Rama-moon"), son of Dasaratha, believed to have descended from Raghu[citation needed]. (The Rama of this article). Parashu-rama ("Rama of the Battle-axe"), the Sixth Avatara of Vishnu, sometimes also referred to as Jamadagnya, or as Bhargava Rama (descended from Bhrigu), a "Chiranjeevi" or Immortal. Bala-rama ("the strong Rama"), also called Halayudha (Wielder of the Plough in Battle), the older brother and close companion of Krishna, the Eighth Avatara of Vishnu. In the Vishnu sahasranama, Rama is the 394th name of Vishnu. In the interpretation of Adi Sankara's commentary, translated by Swami Tapasyananda of the Ramakrishna Mission, Rama has two meanings: the supreme Brahman who is the eternally blissful spiritual Self in whomyogis delight or the One (i.e., Vishnu) who out of his own will assumed the enchanting form of Rama, the son of Dasaratha.
Wednesday, May 21, 2008
Saturday, May 17, 2008
EDU KONDALAVADA VENKATARAMANA GOVINDA.
On the request of Sowanka and other sages, Sootha maharshi narrated them the story of
Sri Venkateswara. Sage Narada who will always be moving from one place to another entered
Sathya Loka and saluted his parents Barahama and Saraswathi told Brahma that after Krishna
Avatar, Sri Hari did not go to Bhooloka again and therefore, it has become a hell, as
innocent are teased by the wicked. They therefore decided that time has come when God has
to appear again on earth and restore Dharma. Narada descended to Bhooloka and decided that
Brighu Maharshi would conduct test as who among Trimurtis will bear the Yagna effect.
Accordingly Brighu Maharshi first went to Satyaloka where Brahma was explaining the Vedas
to several eminent rishis seated there.
When, Brighu Maharshi occupied the throne without showing any respect and without saluting,
Brahma lost his temper and chided Brighu. Brighu got down from the throne and cursed Brahma
saying "YOU WILL NOT HAVE ANY TEMPLE IN THE EARTH AND NONE WILL WORSHIP YOU".
Brighu, then went to Kailash where Shiva was in privacy with his wife Parvathi. Enraged
Siva took his Trisool to finish Brighu but stopped on the intervention of Parvathi. Brighu
in his turn also cursed Siva saying, "YOU WILL BE WORSHIPPED IN THE TEMPLE ON EARTH IN THE
SHAPE OF "LINGA" INSTEAD OF YOUR REAL SHAPE", and left to Vaikuntham to request Maha Vishnu
to bear the Yagna effects.
Maha Vishnu though aware of the arrival of Brighu pretended to be innocent resting on the
Sesha Sayanam and Maha Laxmi sitting near his feet pressing them. Recalling the maltreatment
meted out to him at Sathyaloka and Kailash, Brighu rushed towards Maha Vishnu and kicked
him on his chest with right foot. Without showing any annoyance, Vishnu pinched the third
eye that was embedded in Brighu's right foot with the result, he lost his power and pride.
Repented Brighu then explained the purpose of his visit. Sri MahaVishnu promised to
receive the benefit of Yagna being conducted by the eminent sages on the banks of Ganga at
the appropriate time. Lakshmi who was witnessing all these acts however got angry with her
husband especially because, he tended such a rude person who dishonored her by kicking in
the chest of Maha Vishnu where she lived. When Lakshmi left Vaikuntham there was no pleasure
and pomp. Maha Vishnu became helpless. He ran helter and skelter in search of Lakshmi
without food and sleep and atlast reached Tirupati and took shelter in a Valmikam (anthill)
at the Adi Varsha's shrine meditating for the return of Lakshmi.
Narada came to know the separation and the dwelling places of Lakshmi, at Kolhapur and of
Maha Vishnu at Venkatachalam. Narada as directed by Brahma met her and narrated how Sri Hari
is starving for food and much reduced. Worried Lakshmi prayed Brahma and Shiva and the
three decided to take the shape of a cow, a calf and a cow-herd woman. As a cow-herd woman
Lakshmi sold the cow and the calf to Chola King. In the guise of cow Brahma daily gave rain
of milk to Sri Hari and returned home with no drop of milk.
The Chola Queen who desired to feed her child with the milk from the new cow suspected that
the cow-herd boy of stealing the milk and ordered him to bring the milk of the new cow at
any cost next day. With a fear of severe punishment the cow-herd boy followed the cow and
saw at Valmiki it is raining milk through her breast. The cow-herd boy burst into anger and
took his axe and tried to hurt the animal. Sri Hari immediately came out of the
Valmiki (anthill) and saved the cow and bore that blow on his head and started bleeding
profusely. The Chola King seeing the sprinkles of blood on the cow reached Valmiki and after
hearing sighing sound from there found Maha Vishnu in a pool of blood. On seeing the Chola
King Maha Vishnu got wild and cursed him to become a ghost as he got the wound through his
cow-herd. Chola King begged for pardon. Maha Vishnu relented and gave him a boon to reborn
in the same family as Akasa Raju. He pitied cow-heard boy and gave him a boon that his
generation to have the first Darshan of the Lord in his temple.
Jaya and Vijaya who were the guards at the entrance of Vaikuntham became Harinyaksha and
Hiranyakasipu with the curse of Sanakasada nanda and other Sages. Hiranyaksha was very
cruel and troubling innocent people. Mahavishnu therefore took the form of white
pig (Varaham) and diving into the sea killed Hiranyaksha and brought the earth up which he
rolled it as a mat and hid in the Pathala loka.
The foster Mother of Lord Krishna, Yasoda Devi though tended him as a child never witnessed
his marriages. Lord Krishna consoled her and promised to create an opportunity in Kaliyuga.
Yasoda, therefore was born as Vakuladevi and became a devotee of Varaha Swamy. Sri Hari
with a wounded head was wandering in the woods in search of a suitable medicine. On the
advice of Brihaspati, the Guru of Devas who met him in the forest, went in search of a fig
tree to apply its milk mixing it with the other herbs to the wound and chanced upon to hear
Sri Krishna Bhajana and walked towards the cottage crying in pain "mother" "mother".
Vakuladevi heard the call, and after fondly enquiring applied the medicine, fed him with
some fruits and milk, and named him as Srinivasa. Sri Hari revealed to her his previous
birth as Lord Krishna. Overjoyed, she bathed him and took to Varaha Swamy. On his request
Varahaswamy gave him 100 sqft of land with a promise that all the pilgrims to Tirupati first
visit his Temple, then have Darshan of Sri Venketeswara. The image of Sri Venkateswara is
self manifest (Swayambhu) and not prepared by any mortal.
The celebrated temple of Sri Venkateswara stands on a hill named Venkatadri. It is very
difficult to determine the date of this temple. Inscriptions found in the temple only refer
to its renovation, rebuilding and addition made to the main temple. The earliest inscription
found at Tirumala records the birth of Bana Prince named Vijayaditya who ruled during the
half of the 9th Century A.D. The first mention of the temple on the hill is to be found in
an inscription assignable to 970 A.D. A renovation made in the 13th Century was done as to
preclude a view of the original Sanctum. From then onwards the rulers who ruled the place
and devoted to the Lord made several gifts and offerings and structural changes whenever
necessary.
RELIGIONS IN WORLD.
India has been an important part of three major world religions - Hinduism, Buddhism, and
Islam. Buddhism began in India and spread to other places in Asia. Islam came into India
from West Asia. The origins of Hinduism are less clear, but are certainly related to the
arrival of the Indo-European Aryans from West Asia.
We don't know very much about the earliest Indian religion, of the Harappa people, but
certainly it was polytheistic. Based on the art of that time, some people think the later
Hindu gods were already being worshipped.
With the arrival of the Aryans about 1500 BC, the Indo-European gods entered India as well.
This was the beginning of modern Hinduism. Hinduism was (and is) polytheistic - Hindus
believe in many gods. Stories about these gods were written down in the Rig Veda and other
epic poems. In this kind of Hinduism, people believed in reincarnation - that people could
be reborn into other bodies after they died.
Islam. Buddhism began in India and spread to other places in Asia. Islam came into India
from West Asia. The origins of Hinduism are less clear, but are certainly related to the
arrival of the Indo-European Aryans from West Asia.
We don't know very much about the earliest Indian religion, of the Harappa people, but
certainly it was polytheistic. Based on the art of that time, some people think the later
Hindu gods were already being worshipped.
With the arrival of the Aryans about 1500 BC, the Indo-European gods entered India as well.
This was the beginning of modern Hinduism. Hinduism was (and is) polytheistic - Hindus
believe in many gods. Stories about these gods were written down in the Rig Veda and other
epic poems. In this kind of Hinduism, people believed in reincarnation - that people could
be reborn into other bodies after they died.
HISTORY OF GODS.
Throughout the history of India - at least the 4,500 unbroken and documented years since
the discovery of the first civilization of the world in 2500 BC., i.e., the Indus Valley
Civilisation - India has been called the Poonya Bhoomi, or the Blessed Land. This is so
because several rivers crisscrossed it and several rulers made dharma, or righteouness and
high moral values, their mantra. It was thus also called the Karma Bhoomi, where each
section of society followed the principal of division of labour and the Dharma Bhoomi,
where the rule of law and the ruler were the same. In short, India, or Bharatdesha, as it
was called in ancient times, was a benevolent place where religion meant leading an orderly
life with discipline and morality.
Towards the middle of the tenth century, the invasion from central Asia - Persia to be
precise - led to a rule in India by an assortment of slave and tribal rulers, who followed
the tenets of Islam. Over two centuries, Islam got assimilated in India and its culmination
point was seen in the Mughal emperor Akbar's Din-i-Elahi "religion", in the sixteenth
century. In the seventeenth century, however, with the arrival of the Europeans, first for
trade and then for political domination, religion was replaced with dogma and the high
moral ground of the ruler was lost. These foreigners had themselves fought many a battle
under the banner of religious crusades. Under them, India, or Bharatdesha, suffered
subjugation for nearly five hundred years; and the moral order, or dharma, on which the
society was based, underwent severe and several changes.
It was under such circumstances that the devtas (celestial rulers) and digpalas
(celestial guards) and the Bhoodevi (Mother Earth) pleaded to Lord Vishnu, the preserver of
the universe, and prayed for deliverance. Their main plea was that for centuries they had
ruled piously and looked after the praja (people) of the earth and done their duty - as
given by the Lord - properly. But now, due to adharma (loss of moral order) under alien
rule, people preferred happiness to duty, wealth to justice, materialism to godliness, and
lust to love. They pleaded that unless the Lord manifested himself on earth in some form,
there could be utter chaos and breakdown of social order. They further reminded the Lord
that as Krishna in his previous incarnation, he had saved mankind and established peace
after the Kurukshetra battle. They implored the Lord to manifest again and help mankind.
Lord Vishnu, the ever-kind and sweetly smiling Lord of the Universe, spoke with calm and
affection explaining that it was the yuga of Kali, hence Kaliyuga (era of Kali), created
by Adishakti itself. As such, He could not do much to change the course set by Adishakti,
but as the Preservor of All, he could surely help check the menace. He also elaborated that
Kali had visited other parts of the world and left scars of plague and illness on those
lands, and that India had to bear with the visit of Kali, created by Adishakti for some
purpose. Lord Vishnu added that none could interfere but surely Shiva, the Destroyer of
All, could be of help. The assembled devtas, digpalas and Bhoodevi, then went to Lord Shiva
and pleaded with him. He promised to come to Earth in the form of Dattatreya and help
alleviate the pain and sufferings of human beings.
By another account, Dattatreya was born to Sage Atri and his wife Anasuya. Sage Atri was
one of the seven Manasputras born to Brahma (the creator) through his mind. These were
Mareechi, Atri, Angirasa, Pulatsya, Pulasa, Karathu and Kashyapa. All seven were great
tapasvis (practitioners of austerities) and called the Saptarishis, or the Seven Sages.
There is reference to them in the Vedas, the Ramayana and the Mahabharata. The Saptarishis
shine as fixed stars in the universe, and in India this cluster of stars is referred to as
Saptarishimandala of the galaxy. Generally, Hindus worship the Saptarishis on important
occasions like upanayana (thread ceremony of young boys, mostly Brahmin), upakarma or
namakarana (name giving) and other ceremonies.
Atri's wife, Anasuya, was once tested by the Trinity (Brahma, Vishnu, Shiva) themselves,
when they wished to test her loyalty and devotion to her husband. The three changed form
and arrived at her ashram while Atri was away. She welcomed them in traditional manner and
offered food, at which they came up with a strange request: that they would partake of her
hospitality only if she removed all her clothes and served them. The meddlesome Narada had
actually created this mischief in the larger good of all involved (in order that God comes
to earth in a new incarnation) and he told the wives of the Trinity - Saraswati, Lakshmi
and Parvati – that their respective husbands needed to be taught a lesson!
Anasuya knew through her spiritual powers that the gods were testing her, so she acquiesced.
She sprinkled some water on the Trinity, which turned them into toddlers and thus she, as a
mother, could reveal her natural form to these infants and feed them!
When Sage Atri returned, he saw the three great gods, the Trinity, lying in the cradle as
toddlers! When he heard from Anasuya what had transpired, he could only laugh. The divine
consorts by now feared that their husbands would forever be reduced to babies, and so they
pleaded with Anasuya to transform the toddlers into their original form. Anasuya washed her
husband's feet with water, and sprinkled the water, thus sanctified, on the three babies
who attained their original form. Pleased with her devotion to her husband and happy at her
ingenuity, the Trinity granted her a boon. It was at this point that she asked that the
three be born to her as her real babies! And they were: Brahma as Chandra (Moon), Vishnu as
Dattatreya, and Shiva as Durvasa.
Thus, Dattatreya was born to such an important sage, who lived with his wife in an ashram
near Sucheendram, near Kanyakumari, at the southern tip of India. A temple honouring
Dattatreya stands near the ashram. When they grew up, Chandra went to Chandralok to live
and shine, Durvasa went to the forests to meditate, while Dattatreya stayed back and looked
after his parents. As Dattatreya was born of a boon granted by the Trinity, he is often
depicted as one with three heads representing Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva. Dattatreya served
his parents selflessly and was later born as an avatar purush (holy incarnation), considered
to be the Sai Baba of Shirdi.
the discovery of the first civilization of the world in 2500 BC., i.e., the Indus Valley
Civilisation - India has been called the Poonya Bhoomi, or the Blessed Land. This is so
because several rivers crisscrossed it and several rulers made dharma, or righteouness and
high moral values, their mantra. It was thus also called the Karma Bhoomi, where each
section of society followed the principal of division of labour and the Dharma Bhoomi,
where the rule of law and the ruler were the same. In short, India, or Bharatdesha, as it
was called in ancient times, was a benevolent place where religion meant leading an orderly
life with discipline and morality.
Towards the middle of the tenth century, the invasion from central Asia - Persia to be
precise - led to a rule in India by an assortment of slave and tribal rulers, who followed
the tenets of Islam. Over two centuries, Islam got assimilated in India and its culmination
point was seen in the Mughal emperor Akbar's Din-i-Elahi "religion", in the sixteenth
century. In the seventeenth century, however, with the arrival of the Europeans, first for
trade and then for political domination, religion was replaced with dogma and the high
moral ground of the ruler was lost. These foreigners had themselves fought many a battle
under the banner of religious crusades. Under them, India, or Bharatdesha, suffered
subjugation for nearly five hundred years; and the moral order, or dharma, on which the
society was based, underwent severe and several changes.
It was under such circumstances that the devtas (celestial rulers) and digpalas
(celestial guards) and the Bhoodevi (Mother Earth) pleaded to Lord Vishnu, the preserver of
the universe, and prayed for deliverance. Their main plea was that for centuries they had
ruled piously and looked after the praja (people) of the earth and done their duty - as
given by the Lord - properly. But now, due to adharma (loss of moral order) under alien
rule, people preferred happiness to duty, wealth to justice, materialism to godliness, and
lust to love. They pleaded that unless the Lord manifested himself on earth in some form,
there could be utter chaos and breakdown of social order. They further reminded the Lord
that as Krishna in his previous incarnation, he had saved mankind and established peace
after the Kurukshetra battle. They implored the Lord to manifest again and help mankind.
Lord Vishnu, the ever-kind and sweetly smiling Lord of the Universe, spoke with calm and
affection explaining that it was the yuga of Kali, hence Kaliyuga (era of Kali), created
by Adishakti itself. As such, He could not do much to change the course set by Adishakti,
but as the Preservor of All, he could surely help check the menace. He also elaborated that
Kali had visited other parts of the world and left scars of plague and illness on those
lands, and that India had to bear with the visit of Kali, created by Adishakti for some
purpose. Lord Vishnu added that none could interfere but surely Shiva, the Destroyer of
All, could be of help. The assembled devtas, digpalas and Bhoodevi, then went to Lord Shiva
and pleaded with him. He promised to come to Earth in the form of Dattatreya and help
alleviate the pain and sufferings of human beings.
By another account, Dattatreya was born to Sage Atri and his wife Anasuya. Sage Atri was
one of the seven Manasputras born to Brahma (the creator) through his mind. These were
Mareechi, Atri, Angirasa, Pulatsya, Pulasa, Karathu and Kashyapa. All seven were great
tapasvis (practitioners of austerities) and called the Saptarishis, or the Seven Sages.
There is reference to them in the Vedas, the Ramayana and the Mahabharata. The Saptarishis
shine as fixed stars in the universe, and in India this cluster of stars is referred to as
Saptarishimandala of the galaxy. Generally, Hindus worship the Saptarishis on important
occasions like upanayana (thread ceremony of young boys, mostly Brahmin), upakarma or
namakarana (name giving) and other ceremonies.
Atri's wife, Anasuya, was once tested by the Trinity (Brahma, Vishnu, Shiva) themselves,
when they wished to test her loyalty and devotion to her husband. The three changed form
and arrived at her ashram while Atri was away. She welcomed them in traditional manner and
offered food, at which they came up with a strange request: that they would partake of her
hospitality only if she removed all her clothes and served them. The meddlesome Narada had
actually created this mischief in the larger good of all involved (in order that God comes
to earth in a new incarnation) and he told the wives of the Trinity - Saraswati, Lakshmi
and Parvati – that their respective husbands needed to be taught a lesson!
Anasuya knew through her spiritual powers that the gods were testing her, so she acquiesced.
She sprinkled some water on the Trinity, which turned them into toddlers and thus she, as a
mother, could reveal her natural form to these infants and feed them!
When Sage Atri returned, he saw the three great gods, the Trinity, lying in the cradle as
toddlers! When he heard from Anasuya what had transpired, he could only laugh. The divine
consorts by now feared that their husbands would forever be reduced to babies, and so they
pleaded with Anasuya to transform the toddlers into their original form. Anasuya washed her
husband's feet with water, and sprinkled the water, thus sanctified, on the three babies
who attained their original form. Pleased with her devotion to her husband and happy at her
ingenuity, the Trinity granted her a boon. It was at this point that she asked that the
three be born to her as her real babies! And they were: Brahma as Chandra (Moon), Vishnu as
Dattatreya, and Shiva as Durvasa.
Thus, Dattatreya was born to such an important sage, who lived with his wife in an ashram
near Sucheendram, near Kanyakumari, at the southern tip of India. A temple honouring
Dattatreya stands near the ashram. When they grew up, Chandra went to Chandralok to live
and shine, Durvasa went to the forests to meditate, while Dattatreya stayed back and looked
after his parents. As Dattatreya was born of a boon granted by the Trinity, he is often
depicted as one with three heads representing Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva. Dattatreya served
his parents selflessly and was later born as an avatar purush (holy incarnation), considered
to be the Sai Baba of Shirdi.
BRAHMA The Creator.
Within the hindu trinity of Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva, Brahma is the creator, Vishnu the
preserver and Shiva the destroyer. Nevertheless, Brahma grew in a lotus out of the navel
of the sleeping Vishnu. The daily alternation of light and dark is attributed to the
activity of Brahma.
Brahma's mind born sons are the seers Marici, Atri, Angiras, Pulastya, Pulaha, Kratuj,
Pracetas, Vashishta, Bhrgu and Narada. From Brahma's body came his nine sons Daksa, Dharma,
Karma, Anger, Greed, Delusion (Maya), Lust, Joy, Death and Bharata and one daughter called
Angaja.Brahma has four heads, but used to have five. The four extra heads appeared when
Gayatri was very ashamed with Brahma's love for her and tried to escape from his gaze. The
tremendous tapas that Brahma had practiced for the purpose of creation was entirely
annihilated through his desire to unite with his daughter. One head was lost later when
Brahma lied to Vishnu and thus caused Shiva to become very angry.
The four Veda's are said to have sprung from his heads. In the Life of Ganga, Brahma advised
Bhagiratha to ask the help of Shiva in containing the power of Ganga (goddess of the Ganges
river).
preserver and Shiva the destroyer. Nevertheless, Brahma grew in a lotus out of the navel
of the sleeping Vishnu. The daily alternation of light and dark is attributed to the
activity of Brahma.
Brahma's mind born sons are the seers Marici, Atri, Angiras, Pulastya, Pulaha, Kratuj,
Pracetas, Vashishta, Bhrgu and Narada. From Brahma's body came his nine sons Daksa, Dharma,
Karma, Anger, Greed, Delusion (Maya), Lust, Joy, Death and Bharata and one daughter called
Angaja.Brahma has four heads, but used to have five. The four extra heads appeared when
Gayatri was very ashamed with Brahma's love for her and tried to escape from his gaze. The
tremendous tapas that Brahma had practiced for the purpose of creation was entirely
annihilated through his desire to unite with his daughter. One head was lost later when
Brahma lied to Vishnu and thus caused Shiva to become very angry.
The four Veda's are said to have sprung from his heads. In the Life of Ganga, Brahma advised
Bhagiratha to ask the help of Shiva in containing the power of Ganga (goddess of the Ganges
river).
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